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Rabindranath Tagore

2012-05-16T16:55:13Z

The Human Angle, by Babu Gogineni:

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	This is the real anthem of the great teacher, and should be the Morning Song for the World.		This is the real anthem of the great teacher, and should be the Morning Song for the World.

-	(For a discussion of Tagore’s differences with Gandhi, for whom he had popularized the descriptive term “Mahatma,” or great soul, see “Tagore and His India,” by ~~Amartya Sen [~~[http://philosopedia.org/index.php?title=Amartya_Sen]] in ''The New York Review of Books'', 27 June 1997.)	+	(For a discussion of Tagore’s differences with Gandhi, for whom he had popularized the descriptive term “Mahatma,” or great soul, see “Tagore and His India,” by [http://philosopedia.org/index.php?title=Amartya_Sen Amartya Sen] in ''The New York Review of Books'', 27 June 1997.)

	{[[CE]]; [[HNS2]]; [[JM]]; [[RE]]; [[U]]; [[UU]]}		{[[CE]]; [[HNS2]]; [[JM]]; [[RE]]; [[U]]; [[UU]]}

	[[Category:Philosophers]]		[[Category:Philosophers]]
-	~~[[Category:Atheists]]~~
-	~~[[Category:Atheist Philosophers]]~~
	[[Category:Poets]]		[[Category:Poets]]
	[[Category:Songwriters]]		[[Category:Songwriters]]
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	[[Category:Painters]]		[[Category:Painters]]
	[[Category:Educators]]		[[Category:Educators]]
-	~~[[Category:Monotheists]]~~
	[[Category:Unitarians]]		[[Category:Unitarians]]
	[[Category:Novelists]]		[[Category:Novelists]]
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	[[Category:Pacifists]]		[[Category:Pacifists]]
	[[Category:Nobel Prize Winners]]		[[Category:Nobel Prize Winners]]
		+	[[Category:Atheists]]
		+	[[Category:Humanists]]

Carlos Fuentes

2012-05-16T11:17:55Z

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-	Carlos Fuentes (11 November 1928 - )	+	'''Carlos Fuentes''' (11 November 1928 - 15 May 2012 )
		+
		+	Fuentes was a novelist, diplomat, and educator. When Deborah Solomon asked about his belief in an afterlife, he responded that he was an atheist, and that

-	~~Fuentes is a novelist, diplomat, and Roman Catholic. When Deborah Solomon asked about his belief in an afterlife, he responded he is an atheist, that~~
	* My wife has that belief, but I don't. In Latin America, even atheists are Catholics.		* My wife has that belief, but I don't. In Latin America, even atheists are Catholics.

-	The son of a Mexican diplomat (Rafael Fuentes Boettiger) and Berta Macías Rivas, ~~Fuentes married actress Rita Macedo (divorced~~ in ~~1966; their daughter Natasha died 22 August 2005)~~ and ~~Sylvia Lemus (two children; Carlos the son died~~ in ~~1999 of hemophilia)~~.	+	The son of a Mexican diplomat (Rafael Fuentes Boettiger) and Berta Macías Rivas, he was born in Panama. His father was a member of Mexico's diplomatic corps, and he traveled with his family not only in South American countries but also in 1936 moved to Washington, DC, where he attended a public school and learned to speak English fluently.

-	In 1954 he co-founded ''Revista Mexicana de Literatura''. He is on the advisory board of ''New Perspectives Quarterly''.	+	Denied visas several times because of his reputation for being a leftist, he was refused permission to come to New York in 1963, angrilly responding, "The real bombs are my books, not me." Congress lifted restrictions against him, and he taught at Brown, Columbia, Harvard, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.
		+
		+	Fuentes married actress Rita Macedo (divorced in 1966; their daughter Natasha died 22 August 2005; they also had a daughter, Cecilia). He married Silvia Lemus, and they had two children (Carlos, who died in 1999 of hemophilia; and Natasha, who died before her parents were 30).
		+
		+	In 1954 he co-founded ''Revista Mexicana de Literatura''. He was on the advisory board of ''New Perspectives Quarterly''.

	From 1975 to 1977, he was the Mexican ambassador to France and a member of the Communist Party.		From 1975 to 1977, he was the Mexican ambassador to France and a member of the Communist Party.

-	In 1987 Fuentes won the Cervantes Prize. He is author of numerous books:	+	In 1985, he wrote ''The Old Gringo'' about [[Ambrose Bierce]], who disappeared during the Mexican Revolution. It became a best seller and was made into a 1989 film starring Gregory Peck and [[Jane Fonda]].
		+
		+	==Works==
		+
		+	In 1987 Fuentes won the Cervantes Prize. He is author of numerous books, some that are described as being examples of magic realism:
		+
	:''Los días enmascaradas'' (1954, short stories)		:''Los días enmascaradas'' (1954, short stories)
	:''La región más transparente'' (1958, novel, ''Where the Air is Clear'')		:''La región más transparente'' (1958, novel, ''Where the Air is Clear'')
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	:''En esto creo'' (2002)		:''En esto creo'' (2002)
	:''Contra Bush'' (2004, ''Against George W. Bush'')		:''Contra Bush'' (2004, ''Against George W. Bush'')
		+
		+	At the age of 83, he suffered an internal hemorrhage and was taken from his Mexico City home to the Angeles del Pedregal Hospital, where he died. ''The New York Times'' obituary described Fuentes as "Mexico's elegant public intellectual and grand man of letters, whose panoramic novels captured the complicated essence of his country's history for readers around the world."
		+
		+
		+	==Obituaries==
		+
		+	:[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120516/lt-mexico-fuentes-appreciation/ ''The Huffington Post'']
		+	:[http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/books/carlos-fuentes-mexican-novelist-dies-at-83.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1 ''The New York Times'']
		+
	{Deborah Solomon, ''The New York Times Magazine'', 30 April 2006}		{Deborah Solomon, ''The New York Times Magazine'', 30 April 2006}

File:Cfuentes.jpg

2012-05-16T10:22:44Z

uploaded "[[File:Cfuentes.jpg]]"

Rabindranath Tagore

2012-05-16T03:18:53Z

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-	[[Image:~~Tagore~~.jpg~~\|thumb~~\|right]]	+	[[Image:Rtagore.jpg\|right]]

	'''Tagore, Rabindranath''' [Sir] (7 May 1861 - 7 August 1941)		'''Tagore, Rabindranath''' [Sir] (7 May 1861 - 7 August 1941)

	Tagore, a Bengali poet and guru who wrote the national anthem of India, was a unitarian, a monotheist, and a philosopher.		Tagore, a Bengali poet and guru who wrote the national anthem of India, was a unitarian, a monotheist, and a philosopher.
		+
		+	==Youth==

	Nicknamed "Rabi," he was the youngest of fourteen children born in Calcutta's (now Kolkata's) Joransanko section to Debendranath and Sarada Tagore. A Pirali Bengali Brahmin by birth, he began writing poems at the age of eight. Using the pseudonym Bhanushingho ("Sun Lion"), he wrote many works as a teenager. Home-schooled, he wrote ''Bhikharini'' (1877, The Beggar Woman), the first short story in the Bangla language. In 1882 he wrote ''Sandhya Sangit'' that contains well-known for its poem, "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" (The Rousing of the Waterfall).		Nicknamed "Rabi," he was the youngest of fourteen children born in Calcutta's (now Kolkata's) Joransanko section to Debendranath and Sarada Tagore. A Pirali Bengali Brahmin by birth, he began writing poems at the age of eight. Using the pseudonym Bhanushingho ("Sun Lion"), he wrote many works as a teenager. Home-schooled, he wrote ''Bhikharini'' (1877, The Beggar Woman), the first short story in the Bangla language. In 1882 he wrote ''Sandhya Sangit'' that contains well-known for its poem, "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" (The Rousing of the Waterfall).
		+
		+	==Education==

	He was sent by his father to study at University College London to become a barrister, but in 1880 returned to Bengal because his father had arranged a marriage to Mrinalini Devi, a 10-year-old. They had five children, four of whom died before reaching full adulthood. In 1890 he began managing his family's estates in Shilaidaha (in what now is Bangladesh).		He was sent by his father to study at University College London to become a barrister, but in 1880 returned to Bengal because his father had arranged a marriage to Mrinalini Devi, a 10-year-old. They had five children, four of whom died before reaching full adulthood. In 1890 he began managing his family's estates in Shilaidaha (in what now is Bangladesh).
		+
		+	==Works==

	He was the author of more than fifty dramas, one hundred books of verse, forty volumes of novels and other fiction, much of which denounced nationalism and violence.		He was the author of more than fifty dramas, one hundred books of verse, forty volumes of novels and other fiction, much of which denounced nationalism and violence.

	In ''Sadhanaq: The Realization of Life'' (1913), Tagore emphasized philosophic sentiments in keeping with sacred Hindu writing. Writing in Bengali, he translated his work into English.		In ''Sadhanaq: The Realization of Life'' (1913), Tagore emphasized philosophic sentiments in keeping with sacred Hindu writing. Writing in Bengali, he translated his work into English.
		+
		+	==Views and Awards==

	Tagore traveled widely, liked the West’s ability to industrialize but deprecated what he said was its lack of spirituality.		Tagore traveled widely, liked the West’s ability to industrialize but deprecated what he said was its lack of spirituality.
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	==Details of His Life==		==Details of His Life==
	Wikipedia has extensive details about his life, including his meetings with Gandhi, Albert Einstein, and others. Although Tagore was knighted by the British Crown in 1915, he renounced the honor in 1919 to protest against the 1919 Amritsar Massacre in which colonial troops killed an estimated 379 unarmed civilians [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore]].		Wikipedia has extensive details about his life, including his meetings with Gandhi, Albert Einstein, and others. Although Tagore was knighted by the British Crown in 1915, he renounced the honor in 1919 to protest against the 1919 Amritsar Massacre in which colonial troops killed an estimated 379 unarmed civilians [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore]].
		+
		+	==The Human Angle, by Babu Gogineni==
		+
		+	The following by [[Babu Gogineni]] was posted 7 May 2012 on the [http://postnoon.com/2012/05/07/tagores-anthem/47330 web].
		+
		+	:THE HUMAN ANGLE
		+	:Babu Gogineni
		+
		+	On May 6 as the world celebrated the annual celestial event of the supermoon, in at least three countries the curtains were being drawn on the year-long commemoration of a rarer event — the birth of a star.
		+
		+	India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka have just concluded celebrating the birth, 150 years ago, of Rabindranath Tagore. Poet, song writer, singer, dramatist, actor, painter, social reformer, educationist, mystic philosopher and freedom fighter, Tagore was a colossus whose full life of eighty years saw a remarkable sensitivity to life and nature, a phenomenal productivity of over 2,500 songs, a new kind of music named after him, thousands of untitled paintings in his distinctive style, the establishment of a university and an indelible stamp on the anti-colonial movement.
		+
		+	Nirad C Choudary once paid tribute to him saying ‘If I were asked who was the greatest poet India has produced, including the greatest of ancient India, Kalidasa, my firm answer would be: Tagore’.
		+
		+	When he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for ''Gitanjali'', his song offerings to God, Tagore was already famous in India. After 1913 he was enthusiastically hailed as the first non-European to become a Nobel laureate and became a well known figure in Asia and Europe. But such was the cult following that soon developed around him that [[Thomas Hardy]] wrote impatiently about ‘this wretched worship of Tagore’. Yeats who nominated Tagore for the Nobel Prize wrote in 1935, complaining about the ‘sentimental rubbish’ of Tagore’s later books. Of course, one need not take too seriously [[Franz Kafka]]’s refusal to meet him, and of [[Thomas Mann]]’s rudeness in disparagingly referring to him as ‘a fine old English lady’.
		+
		+	Today, 70 years after his death, it is possible to make a more objective assessment of Tagore’s contributions to civilisation. He conceived of a universal humanity while the world was still suffering under the yoke of colonialism and racism. He revelled in the joy of creation, both artistic and artisanal, and chided those who prayed in front of idols for not realising that their God was in their work. He restored to play and playfulness their rightful place in human life and he proclaimed the importance of the artist and of aesthetics. He recreated rites and rituals to make them more meaningful to the modern age. He held a religious view of life, which was also an integral view that saw death as a part of it — he invited it, pleading with it not to be stealthy.
		+
		+	Tagore was a sage and a balladeer of freedom — and just as he enriched the Bengali language so he did with the movement for India’s political independence. He admired [[Mohandas Gandhi]] and conferred on him the title of Mahatma, the Great Soul, but disagreed with him frequently.
		+
		+	When Gandhi proposed that all Indians should spin the wheel for 30 minutes a day to transform India’s economy, Tagore who described Gandhi’s movement as ‘The Cult of the Charkha’ gently queried why not 8 hours? When Gandhi asked for foreign cloth to be burnt, Tagore objected that cloth was needed by the naked millions.
		+
		+	When Gandhi proposed satyagraha which includes fasting as a means of personal purification and political action, Tagore warned “For lesser men than yourself it opens up an easy and futile path of duty by urging them to take a plunge into a dark abyss of self-mortification. You cannot blame them if they follow you in this special method of purification of their country, for all messages must be universal in their application, and if not, they should never be expressed at all”.
		+
		+	When Gandhi attributed the Bihar earthquake of 1934 to divine retribution for India’s sin in upholding untouchability, Tagore, like [[Voltaire]], admonished him that unreason was ‘a fundamental source of all the blind powers that drive us against freedom and self-respect’ and asserting that ‘physical catastrophes have their inevitable and exclusive origin in certain combination of physical facts.” He worked with Gandhi but provided an alternative and modern vision for India.
		+
		+	Tagore wrote "Jana Gana Mana", India’s national anthem which was first adopted by Subhash Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army based in Singapore. In 1972 the newly formed Bangladesh adopted his "Amar Shonar Bangla" as its national anthem. In 1938, at the request of his student Ananda Samarakun, Tagore wrote in ''Bengali Nama Nama Sri Lanka Mata'' — it was almost on the lines of Bankim’s Vande Mataram: Mother Lanka we worship Thee! Plenteous in prosperity, Thou, Beauteous in grace and love, Laden with corn and luscious fruit…
		+
		+	Sadly, a superstitious Sri Lanka changed the first line of the anthem attributing the country’s problems to the first lines. Which of Tagore’s anthems is universal? Not these three as they simply praise land and its beauty. In fact, in a different context, Tagore condemned the idolatry of geography. What will be immortal of Tagore’s poems is the one that offers a modern and inspiring manifesto to the world. It does invoke God, but the measure of a man is not his faith in God but his belief in man, of which Tagore had plenty.
		+
		+	:Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high
		+
		+	:Where knowledge is free
		+
		+	:Where the world has not been broken up into fragments
		+
		+	:By narrow domestic walls
		+
		+	:Where words come out from the depth of truth
		+
		+	:Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection
		+
		+	:Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way
		+
		+	:Into the dreary desert sand of dead habit
		+
		+	:Where the mind is led forward by thee
		+
		+	"Into ever-widening thought and action
		+
		+	"Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.
		+
		+	This is the real anthem of the great teacher, and should be the Morning Song for the World.

	(For a discussion of Tagore’s differences with Gandhi, for whom he had popularized the descriptive term “Mahatma,” or great soul, see “Tagore and His India,” by Amartya Sen [[http://philosopedia.org/index.php?title=Amartya_Sen]] in ''The New York Review of Books'', 27 June 1997.)		(For a discussion of Tagore’s differences with Gandhi, for whom he had popularized the descriptive term “Mahatma,” or great soul, see “Tagore and His India,” by Amartya Sen [[http://philosopedia.org/index.php?title=Amartya_Sen]] in ''The New York Review of Books'', 27 June 1997.)
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	[[Category:Atheist Philosophers]]		[[Category:Atheist Philosophers]]
	[[Category:Poets]]		[[Category:Poets]]
		+	[[Category:Songwriters]]
		+	[[Category:Singers]]
		+	[[Category:Actors]]
		+	[[Category:Painters]]
		+	[[Category:Educators]]
	[[Category:Monotheists]]		[[Category:Monotheists]]
	[[Category:Unitarians]]		[[Category:Unitarians]]

File:Rtagore.jpg

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File:Rtagore.jpg

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GAY

2012-05-13T14:09:33Z

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	GAY		GAY

-	:: * “When anyone asks if I’m gay,” said Arthur C. Clarke on New Year’s Eve in 1997, “I answer, ‘No, just slightly cheerful.’ ”	+	:: * “When anyone asks if I’m gay,” said [[Arthur C. Clarke]] on New Year’s Eve in 1997, “I answer, ‘No, just slightly cheerful.’ ”

	In the 14th century, to be “gay” was to be “merry.” In the 18th and in 19th centuries, the word was a euphemism for those who were sexually available or living an immoral life—invariably, it was applied to prostitutes. Later in the 19th, gay was used by some in Europe to connote “inversion,” or love of the same sex.		In the 14th century, to be “gay” was to be “merry.” In the 18th and in 19th centuries, the word was a euphemism for those who were sexually available or living an immoral life—invariably, it was applied to prostitutes. Later in the 19th, gay was used by some in Europe to connote “inversion,” or love of the same sex.

Angelica Garnett

2012-05-13T14:03:37Z

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	Angelica Vanessa Bell was the daughter of painter Vanessa Bell (sister of [[Virginia Woolf]]) and painter Duncan Grant.		Angelica Vanessa Bell was the daughter of painter Vanessa Bell (sister of [[Virginia Woolf]]) and painter Duncan Grant.

-	According to her papers [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG Garnett]'s mother's husband, Clive Bell, was not her biological father, but was fully supportive of his wife's love affair with Grant, who allowed Angelica to bear his name and to regard him as her father in order that his conservative family would not disinherit her. She was not told of her true parentage until she was 17, although she had grown up living with Grant and her mother at Charleston Farmhouse in Sussex/England, which her mother had rented and shared with other members of the Bloomsbury Group.	+	According to her papers [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG Garnett's mother's husband, Clive Bell], was not her biological father, but was fully supportive of his wife's love affair with Grant, who allowed Angelica to bear his name and to regard him as her father in order that his conservative family would not disinherit her. She was not told of her true parentage until she was 17, although she had grown up living with Grant and her mother at Charleston Farmhouse in Sussex/England, which her mother had rented and shared with other members of the Bloomsbury Group.

	Garnett upon her death at the age of 93 was described as		Garnett upon her death at the age of 93 was described as

Bloomsbury Group

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protected "[[Bloomsbury Group]]" [edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)

Angelica Garnett

2012-05-13T13:55:43Z

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	'''Angelica Garnett''' (25 December 1918 - 4 May 2012)		'''Angelica Garnett''' (25 December 1918 - 4 May 2012)
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	: the last direct link to the Bloomsbury set, whose memoir of growing up amid its potent brew of sex, secrets, artistry, and renown is notable for offering a child’s-eye view of that darkly charmed circle.		: the last direct link to the Bloomsbury set, whose memoir of growing up amid its potent brew of sex, secrets, artistry, and renown is notable for offering a child’s-eye view of that darkly charmed circle.

-	: Published in 1985, her memoir, ~~“Deceived~~ With Kindness: A Bloomsbury Childhood,” describes the luminous orbit around Ms. Garnett’s mother, the painter Vanessa Bell, a sister of Virginia Woolf. It was a self-reflexive, self-congratulatory milieu in which art was all, sex was the coin of the realm and the only real transgression was the unpardonable sin of being ordinary.	+	: Published in 1985, her memoir, ''Deceived With Kindness: A Bloomsbury Childhood'', describes the luminous orbit around Ms. Garnett’s mother, the painter Vanessa Bell, a sister of [[Virginia Woolf]]. It was a self-reflexive, self-congratulatory milieu in which art was all, sex was the coin of the realm and the only real transgression was the unpardonable sin of being ordinary.

-	For the young Ms. Garnett, who grew up in a household that often included her mother, her presumed father and her actual father under one amicable roof, the threads binding the principals — who loved whom, who seduced whom, who married whom, who fathered whom — formed not so much a densely woven tapestry as a Gordian knot.	+	: For the young Ms. Garnett, who grew up in a household that often included her mother, her presumed father and her actual father under one amicable roof, the threads binding the principals — who loved whom, who seduced whom, who married whom, who fathered whom — formed not so much a densely woven tapestry as a Gordian knot.

-	It was in an attempt to unravel this knot in middle age that she began work on her memoir, which Newsweek called “a work of moving honesty and thoughtful, refined prose.” In it, Ms. Garnett depicts the exquisite blend of Victorian libertinism and Victorian repression that defined the Bloomsbury ethos: she was not told who her real father was, for instance, until she was nearly grown.	+	: It was in an attempt to unravel this knot in middle age that she began work on her memoir, which ''Newsweek'' called “a work of moving honesty and thoughtful, refined prose.” In it, Ms. Garnett depicts the exquisite blend of Victorian libertinism and Victorian repression that defined the Bloomsbury ethos: she was not told who her real father was, for instance, until she was nearly grown.

-	She also recounts her marriage to a man twice her age — he too was part of her parents’ circle — who had been her biological father’s lover, a fact of which no one had dared inform her.	+	: She also recounts her marriage to a man twice her age — he too was part of her parents’ circle — who had been her biological father’s lover, a fact of which no one had dared inform her.

-	Her husband, David Garnett, would write a novella, ~~“Aspects~~ of ~~Love”~~ (1955), that was more than loosely based on their singular family constellation. The book was later adapted into an Andrew Lloyd Webber musical that opened on Broadway in 1990 and ran for nearly a year.	+	: Her husband, David Garnett, would write a novella, ''Aspects of Lov'' (1955), that was more than loosely based on their singular family constellation. The book was later adapted into an Andrew Lloyd Webber musical that opened on Broadway in 1990 and ran for nearly a year.

-	Angelica Bell was born at Charleston in 1918, on Christmas Day — a date, her mother told her, that only affirmed her specialness. For years she believed her father to be Vanessa’s husband, the art critic Clive Bell. He was the father of her two older brothers (in reality her half-brothers): Julian Bell, a poet who was killed in the Spanish Civil War, and Quentin Bell, a renowned art historian who died in 1996.	+	: Angelica Bell was born at Charleston in 1918, on Christmas Day — a date, her mother told her, that only affirmed her specialness. For years she believed her father to be Vanessa’s husband, the art critic Clive Bell. He was the father of her two older brothers (in reality her half-brothers): Julian Bell, a poet who was killed in the Spanish Civil War, and Quentin Bell, a renowned art historian who died in 1996.

-	Angelica’s actual father was Duncan Grant, a gay painter whose brief liaison with Vanessa — he continued to live platonically with the Bells — had resulted in her birth.	+	: Angelica’s actual father was Duncan Grant, a gay painter whose brief liaison with Vanessa — he continued to live platonically with the Bells — had resulted in her birth.

-	In keeping with Vanessa’s preference for aesthetic sensibility over cold, hard fact, Angelica received little formal education. Her real school was Charleston, which glowed with art by Vanessa and Grant and swirled with heady conversation among a group that included the biographer Lytton Strachey and the economist John Maynard Keynes, both frequent visitors, and, until her suicide in 1941, Virginia Woolf.	+	: In keeping with Vanessa’s preference for aesthetic sensibility over cold, hard fact, Angelica received little formal education. Her real school was Charleston, which glowed with art by Vanessa and Grant and swirled with heady conversation among a group that included the biographer [[Lytton Strachey]] and the economist [[John Maynard Keynes]], both frequent visitors, and, until her suicide in 1941, [[Virginia Woolf]].

-	As a young woman, Angelica briefly studied drama in London but abandoned it, concluding that she was not good enough. She became a painter, like her mother, and had a measure of success but no renown.	+	: As a young woman, Angelica briefly studied drama in London but abandoned it, concluding that she was not good enough. She became a painter, like her mother, and had a measure of success but no renown.

-	When Angelica was 17, her mother had taken her aside and divulged her true parentage. Fearful that further discussion would disrupt their durable if unconventional household, Vanessa told her not to raise the subject with either Clive Bell (who knew the truth but preferred to ignore it) or Grant (who was fond of Angelica but disinclined to assume a fatherly role).	+	: When Angelica was 17, her mother had taken her aside and divulged her true parentage. Fearful that further discussion would disrupt their durable if unconventional household, Vanessa told her not to raise the subject with either Clive Bell (who knew the truth but preferred to ignore it) or Grant (who was fond of Angelica but disinclined to assume a fatherly role).

-	“My dream of the perfect father — unrealized — possessed me, and has done so for the rest of my life,” Ms. Garnett wrote in her memoir. “My marriage was but a continuation of it, and almost engulfed me.”	+	: “My dream of the perfect father — unrealized — possessed me, and has done so for the rest of my life,” Ms. Garnett wrote in her memoir. “My marriage was but a continuation of it, and almost engulfed me.”

-	In 1942, at 23, she married David Garnett, then nearly 50. A writer and publisher, he was the son of Constance Garnett, a well-known translator of Russian literature. (In a fittingly Bloomsbury rite of passage, Garnett deflowered Angelica in H. G. ~~Wells’s~~ spare bedroom.)	+	: In 1942, at 23, she married David Garnett, then nearly 50. A writer and publisher, he was the son of Constance Garnett, a well-known translator of Russian literature. (In a fittingly Bloomsbury rite of passage, Garnett deflowered Angelica in [[H. G. Wells]]’s spare bedroom.)

-	Their marriage, which produced four daughters, was not a happy one. Ms. Garnett eventually deduced the relationship between her husband and her birth father, realizing that Garnett had married her as a way of maintaining a hold over Grant, whom he still loved, and Vanessa, whom he had tried to seduce only to be rebuffed.	+	: Their marriage, which produced four daughters, was not a happy one. Ms. Garnett eventually deduced the relationship between her husband and her birth father, realizing that Garnett had married her as a way of maintaining a hold over Grant, whom he still loved, and Vanessa, whom he had tried to seduce only to be rebuffed.
-	~~Multimedia~~	+
-		+
-	~~Graphic~~	+
-	~~A Tangled Web of Romance~~	+
-	Ms. Garnett left her husband after more than a quarter-century of marriage. Vanessa Bell died in 1961; after Grant’s death in 1978, Ms. Garnett, her children grown and gone, looked in the mirror and saw, as she wrote, “a vagueness, almost a hole, where I myself should have been.”	+

-	~~She began~~ her ~~memoir~~, ~~she wrote, “to describe my own ghosts~~, and, in ~~doing so~~, ~~to exorcise them.” Her other books include~~ a ~~volume of autobiographical fiction~~, ~~“The Unspoken Truth” (2010)~~.	+	: Ms. Garnett left her husband after more than a quarter-century of marriage. Vanessa Bell died in 1961; after Grant’s death in 1978, Ms. Garnett, her children grown and gone, looked in the mirror and saw, as she wrote, “a vagueness, almost a hole, where I myself should have been.”

-	~~Two of Ms. Garnett’s four daughters died before~~ her.	+	: She began her memoir, she wrote, “to describe my own ghosts, and, in doing so, to exorcise them.” Her other books include a volume of autobiographical fiction, ''The Unspoken Truth'' (2010).

-	~~“My eldest daughter, Amaryllis, who was very beautiful and deeply intelligent, drowned in the Thames when she was 26; I think it was suicide,”~~ Ms. ~~Garnett said in an interview quoted in~~ her obituary in The Telegraph, the British newspaper. “Henrietta, my second, married when she was 17, and her husband died less than a year later. Then she tried to commit suicide when she was 25 by jumping out of a window. She was broken from top to bottom and has remained fragile ever since.” A third daughter, Nerissa, died of a brain tumor in 2004.	+	: Two of Ms. Garnett’s four daughters died before her.

-	~~Besides Henrietta, Ms. Garnett is survived by another~~ daughter, ~~Frances~~, who was ~~“described by her mother as ‘a kind of mystic~~,’ ” The Telegraph ~~reported~~.	+	: “My eldest daughter, Amaryllis, who was very beautiful and deeply intelligent, drowned in the Thames when she was 26; I think it was suicide,” Ms. Garnett said in an interview quoted in her obituary in ''The Telegraph'', the British newspaper. “Henrietta, my second, married when she was 17, and her husband died less than a year later. Then she tried to commit suicide when she was 25 by jumping out of a window. She was broken from top to bottom and has remained fragile ever since.” A third daughter, Nerissa, died of a brain tumor in 2004.
-		+
-	~~In interviews after her memoir appeared~~, Ms. ~~Garnett spoke of having taken pains~~ to ~~ensure that the legacy of Bloomsbury~~ was ~~not visited on the next generation~~.	+
-		+
-	~~“Everyone~~ has ~~a certain difficulty in growing up~~, ~~even my children~~, ~~although I’ve been~~ a ~~good mother,” she told The Australian Financial Review~~ in ~~2010~~. ~~“I’m still not grown up in some ways compared with other people I know.”~~	+

		+	: Besides Henrietta, Ms. Garnett is survived by another daughter, Frances, who was “described by her mother as ‘a kind of mystic,’ ” ''The Telegraph'' reported.

		+	: In interviews after her memoir appeared, Ms. Garnett spoke of having taken pains to ensure that the legacy of Bloomsbury was not visited on the next generation.

		+	: “Everyone has a certain difficulty in growing up, even my children, although I’ve been a good mother,” she told ''The Australian Financial Review'' in 2010. “I’m still not grown up in some ways compared with other people I know.”

		+	[http://www.charleston.org.uk/ The Charleston Trust] maintains the East Sussex house and gardens where the bloomsbury group lived.

		+	[[Image:Resized-for-profile-pic-c-Courtesy-of-the-Charletson-Trust..jpg]]
	==Obituaries==		==Obituaries==

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	[http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG ''The Telegraph'']		[http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG ''The Telegraph'']
		+
		+	[[Category:Authors]]
		+	[[Category:Painters]]
		+	[[Category:Eccentrics]]

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2012-05-13T13:54:34Z

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2012-05-13T13:51:01Z

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Angelica Garnett

2012-05-13T13:30:07Z

Created page with "Image:Agarnett.jpg '''Angelica Garnett''' (25 December 1918 - 4 May 2012) Angelica Vanessa Bell was the daughter of painter Vanessa Bell (sister of Virginia Woolf) and ..."

New page

[[Image:Agarnett.jpg]]

'''Angelica Garnett''' (25 December 1918 - 4 May 2012)

Angelica Vanessa Bell was the daughter of painter Vanessa Bell (sister of [[Virginia Woolf]]) and painter Duncan Grant.

According to her papers [http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG Garnett]'s mother's husband, Clive Bell, was not her biological father, but was fully supportive of his wife's love affair with Grant, who allowed Angelica to bear his name and to regard him as her father in order that his conservative family would not disinherit her. She was not told of her true parentage until she was 17, although she had grown up living with Grant and her mother at Charleston Farmhouse in Sussex/England, which her mother had rented and shared with other members of the Bloomsbury Group.

Garnett upon her death at the age of 93 was described as

: the last direct link to the Bloomsbury set, whose memoir of growing up amid its potent brew of sex, secrets, artistry, and renown is notable for offering a child’s-eye view of that darkly charmed circle.

: Published in 1985, her memoir, “Deceived With Kindness: A Bloomsbury Childhood,” describes the luminous orbit around Ms. Garnett’s mother, the painter Vanessa Bell, a sister of Virginia Woolf. It was a self-reflexive, self-congratulatory milieu in which art was all, sex was the coin of the realm and the only real transgression was the unpardonable sin of being ordinary.

For the young Ms. Garnett, who grew up in a household that often included her mother, her presumed father and her actual father under one amicable roof, the threads binding the principals — who loved whom, who seduced whom, who married whom, who fathered whom — formed not so much a densely woven tapestry as a Gordian knot.

It was in an attempt to unravel this knot in middle age that she began work on her memoir, which Newsweek called “a work of moving honesty and thoughtful, refined prose.” In it, Ms. Garnett depicts the exquisite blend of Victorian libertinism and Victorian repression that defined the Bloomsbury ethos: she was not told who her real father was, for instance, until she was nearly grown.

She also recounts her marriage to a man twice her age — he too was part of her parents’ circle — who had been her biological father’s lover, a fact of which no one had dared inform her.

Her husband, David Garnett, would write a novella, “Aspects of Love” (1955), that was more than loosely based on their singular family constellation. The book was later adapted into an Andrew Lloyd Webber musical that opened on Broadway in 1990 and ran for nearly a year.

Angelica Bell was born at Charleston in 1918, on Christmas Day — a date, her mother told her, that only affirmed her specialness. For years she believed her father to be Vanessa’s husband, the art critic Clive Bell. He was the father of her two older brothers (in reality her half-brothers): Julian Bell, a poet who was killed in the Spanish Civil War, and Quentin Bell, a renowned art historian who died in 1996.

Angelica’s actual father was Duncan Grant, a gay painter whose brief liaison with Vanessa — he continued to live platonically with the Bells — had resulted in her birth.

In keeping with Vanessa’s preference for aesthetic sensibility over cold, hard fact, Angelica received little formal education. Her real school was Charleston, which glowed with art by Vanessa and Grant and swirled with heady conversation among a group that included the biographer Lytton Strachey and the economist John Maynard Keynes, both frequent visitors, and, until her suicide in 1941, Virginia Woolf.

As a young woman, Angelica briefly studied drama in London but abandoned it, concluding that she was not good enough. She became a painter, like her mother, and had a measure of success but no renown.

When Angelica was 17, her mother had taken her aside and divulged her true parentage. Fearful that further discussion would disrupt their durable if unconventional household, Vanessa told her not to raise the subject with either Clive Bell (who knew the truth but preferred to ignore it) or Grant (who was fond of Angelica but disinclined to assume a fatherly role).

“My dream of the perfect father — unrealized — possessed me, and has done so for the rest of my life,” Ms. Garnett wrote in her memoir. “My marriage was but a continuation of it, and almost engulfed me.”

In 1942, at 23, she married David Garnett, then nearly 50. A writer and publisher, he was the son of Constance Garnett, a well-known translator of Russian literature. (In a fittingly Bloomsbury rite of passage, Garnett deflowered Angelica in H. G. Wells’s spare bedroom.)

Their marriage, which produced four daughters, was not a happy one. Ms. Garnett eventually deduced the relationship between her husband and her birth father, realizing that Garnett had married her as a way of maintaining a hold over Grant, whom he still loved, and Vanessa, whom he had tried to seduce only to be rebuffed.
Multimedia

Graphic
A Tangled Web of Romance
Ms. Garnett left her husband after more than a quarter-century of marriage. Vanessa Bell died in 1961; after Grant’s death in 1978, Ms. Garnett, her children grown and gone, looked in the mirror and saw, as she wrote, “a vagueness, almost a hole, where I myself should have been.”

She began her memoir, she wrote, “to describe my own ghosts, and, in doing so, to exorcise them.” Her other books include a volume of autobiographical fiction, “The Unspoken Truth” (2010).

Two of Ms. Garnett’s four daughters died before her.

“My eldest daughter, Amaryllis, who was very beautiful and deeply intelligent, drowned in the Thames when she was 26; I think it was suicide,” Ms. Garnett said in an interview quoted in her obituary in The Telegraph, the British newspaper. “Henrietta, my second, married when she was 17, and her husband died less than a year later. Then she tried to commit suicide when she was 25 by jumping out of a window. She was broken from top to bottom and has remained fragile ever since.” A third daughter, Nerissa, died of a brain tumor in 2004.

Besides Henrietta, Ms. Garnett is survived by another daughter, Frances, who was “described by her mother as ‘a kind of mystic,’ ” The Telegraph reported.

In interviews after her memoir appeared, Ms. Garnett spoke of having taken pains to ensure that the legacy of Bloomsbury was not visited on the next generation.

“Everyone has a certain difficulty in growing up, even my children, although I’ve been a good mother,” she told The Australian Financial Review in 2010. “I’m still not grown up in some ways compared with other people I know.”

==Obituaries==

[http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG ''The New York Times'']

[http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FAG ''The Telegraph'']

Joseph Wood Krutch

2012-05-13T03:14:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:14, 13 May 2012
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-	[[Image:Krutch.jpg~~\|thumb\|right~~]]	+	[[Image:Krutch.jpg]]

	'''Krutch, Joseph Wood''' (25 November 1893 - 22 May 1970)		'''Krutch, Joseph Wood''' (25 November 1893 - 22 May 1970)

-	Editor, teacher, naturalist, drama critic of ''Nation'', Krutch in ''The Modern Temper'' (1929) wrote,	+	Editor, teacher, naturalist, and drama critic of ''Nation'', Krutch earned his Ph.D.. at Columbia University. His dissertation was published as Comedy and Conscience After the Restoration.
		+
		+	[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alumni/Magazine/Legacies/Krutch/KrutchCritic.html Howard Stein], a student writing about Krutch's classes, said they were "filled with entertainment, wit, and information as well as critical insights":
		+
		+	: To describe the atmosphere of seventeenth-century London under Charles II, he told us about the actress Nell Gwynn, one of the first professional actresses in the English theater and one of the king's mistresses, who, while riding in the king's carriage, was assumed by an angry mob to be one of the king's Catholic concubines. When pelted with stones, she leaned out of the carriage and cried, "Nay, nay, my good people -- I'm the Protestant whore."
		+
		+	In 1934 in ''The Modern Temper'' (1929) wrote,

	:[P]oetry, mythology, and religion represent the world as a man would like to have it, while science represents the world as he gradually comes to discover it.		:[P]oetry, mythology, and religion represent the world as a man would like to have it, while science represents the world as he gradually comes to discover it.

Maurice Sendak

2012-05-09T14:33:40Z

Death:

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2012-05-09T13:30:19Z

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Maurice Sendak

2012-05-09T13:25:12Z

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'''Maurice Sendak''' (10 June 1928 - 8 May 2012)

Maurice Bernard Sendak was born in Brooklyn to Polish immigrants Sadie Schindler and Philip Sendak. He attended Brooklyn's Lafayette High School and the Art Students League of New York.

An American author and artist best known for his classic children's books, including ''Where the Wild Things Are'' (1963), ''In the Night Kitchen'' (1970), and ''The Nutshell Library collection'' (1976). His later works include ''We Are All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy'' (1993), ''Swine Lake'' (1999), and the operatic ''Brundibar'' (2003).

According to the Notable Names Database (NNDB),

: As the illustrator of over 60 books, Sendak collaborated on a wide range of projects. Among these were Else Holmelund Minarik's original Little Bear books, which later spawned a popular children's TV series. Recognition for Sendak's work included the Hans Christian Andersen Award for children's book illustration (1970); a National Medal of the Arts, awarded by President Clinton (1997); and the first Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award for Literature, awarded by the Swedish Government (2003). Toward the end of his life, Sendak harnessed his prodigious imagination in writing and designing for opera and ballet productions.

: Maurice Sendak was born 10 June 1928 in Brooklyn, New York, to poor Polish immigrants of Jewish extraction. He was poor at sports as a child and often sickly, spending a great deal of his childhood at home with his mother. He loved to draw, often inspired by the efforts of his older brother. An avid reader, Sendak depended on his sister to bring home books from the library. Numbered among his favorite authors were Robert Louis Stevenson, Herman Melville, and Mark Twain. But his father too was a favorite storyteller, interspersing fantastic tales with stories about the gruesome deaths suffered by relatives left in the old country. Phillip Sendak had his own versions of Old Testament tales as well. And Maurice, unaware that his father's racy embellishments were inappropriate for children, was once sent home from school for reiterating the details of one of these softcore Bible tales.

: At the age of twelve, Sendak saw the film Fantasia and decided to become a cartoonist. A letter to Disney received no response, but by the time he was in high school he was already churning out professional work. He illustrated his high school biology teacher's book, Atomics for the Millions (1947), and was hired to do backgrounds for a comic book version of the famous Mutt and Jeff strip. After finishing high school he took a job with F.A.O. Schwartz as a window dresser, studying by night at the New York Art Students League. It wasn't long before he landed his first gig as a children's book illustrator, for Marcel Ayme's The Wonderful Farm (1951). A year later Sendak paired up with Ruth Kraus for A Hole Is to Dig (1952). Kraus and her husband Crockett Johnson, author of Harold and the Purple Crayon, both took an interest in Sendak, encouraging his work and sharing a wealth of wisdom and constructive criticism.

: Despite his talents, Sendak found it impossible to work on any project that didn't resonate with his personal sensibilities. At the same time, selling publishers on his personal vision was extremely difficult. Time and time again, he found rejection, given chiding advice to familiarize himself with -- and imitate -- more conventionally American styles of children's book illustration. Sendak's whimsical work had a thoroughly unique style, and a distinctly European flavor with strong influences from Marc Chagall and Henri Matisse, as well as Francisco de Goya and Pablo Picasso. Furthermore, his characters looked rumpled and dumpy compared to the illustrations of fresh-scrubbed, athletic children then in fashion.

: In 1963 Sendak at last broke through with a work totally of his own genius: Where the Wild Things Are. Although the work is now considered a cherished classic of children's literature, many reviewers trounced it when it first appeared, predicting that children would be terrified by the monstrous wild things. But children adored the book, especially lead character Max, who tames the wild things, and leads them in a gleefully wild rumpus. The American Library Association awarded Sendak a Caldecott Medal in 1964.

: Many librarians were not so thrilled when Sendak's In the Night Kitchen emerged in 1970. In it a small boy named Mickey ends up naked as he explores the city work that goes on at night. According to Sendak this development is only sensible since Mickey goes romping through great vats of dough and milk – that is, skinny dipping is the pleasant alternative to slogging about in soggy, dough-sodden clothes. But a number of librarians and booksellers of the period promptly rejected the book. And a number of others accepted it only to turn around and deface it, giving Mickey little marker drawn shorts -- or possibly, says Sendak, taped on paper diapers.

: Curiously, while Sendak admits the book is, in part, about a small boy glorifying in his sensuality, some critics have taken interpretation of the book to a Freudian sexual extreme, seeing the nudity, free-flowing milky fluids, and giant (supposedly) "phallic" milk bottle as convenient symbols within a subversive tale about masturbation. Little wonder given such conflicts, real or imagined, that the book routinely appears on the American Library Association's listings of frequently challenged and banned books: even in 2004, the book made the top-ten. Despite this fact, the book continues to be celebrated by children and parents everywhere and has become a well-loved classic.

: Twenty-odd years later, with We're All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy (1993), Sendak delivered another jolt. This time the troubling storyline revolved around a kidnapped black baby and two white homeless men, who first rescue the baby and then decide to keep it and raise it as their own. Some critics of the work, not content with griping about the obvious, managed to interpret various elements and symbols for additional offense. Most notably, they claimed, the two hobos might be gay. The illustrations, they argued, were nightmarish and too strong for children. Ironically few seemed to consider that much standard children's fare -- from lullabies about babies falling from trees to witches who eat children -- are quite scary and quite, upon deeper contemplation, "inappropriate for children".

: Of course, not all of Sendak's works inspired controversy, and over the years he produced a number of beloved classics, both as a writer and as an illustrator. His works also cover a broad range, not only in subject matter, but also in style and tone. He produced everything from nursery rhyme stories, like Hector The Protector and As I Went Over The Water, to concept books, like Alligators All Around Us and the marvelous Chicken Soup With Rice. As an illustrator, his projects included Else Holmelund Minarik's Little Bear, the Newbery winners Wheel on the School and The House of Sixty Fathers with Meindert DeJong, and illustrations of works by Herman Melville (Pierre) and George MacDonald (Light Princess and Golden Key).

: Impressively, all of this diversity is but a subset of his entire body of work. In addition to children's books, Sendak also developed productions of opera and ballet for stage and television. Utilizing his unique graphic design talents and prolific imagination, he designed sets and costumes, and even wrote librettos. Although his chief musical passion was Mozart, his productions ranged from Mozart's Magic Flute to Sergei Prokofiev's The Love for Three Oranges and Leoš Janácek's The Cunning Little Vixen. He even helped produce a paired revival of Ravel's L'Heure Espagnole and L'Enfant et les Sortileges. And despite years of vowing not to do so, he helped design an innovative an entertaining production of Hansel and Gretel.

: Sendak's foray into the world of ballet productions includes a version of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker for the Pacific Northwest Ballet, and a stage adaptation of Where the Wild Things Are. In 2003 Sendak, in collaboration with Tony Kushner, published Brundibar, a book based their opera of the same name. Sendak's various stage designs appeared in book form with The Art of Maurice Sendak: 1980 to the Present. He died in 2012, but Sendak's characters and designs continue to show up in an assortment of other media as well, from animated TV shows to huggable dolls, throw rugs and apparel.

==Personal==
[1] Patricia Cohen, "Concerns Beyond Just Where the Wild Things Are", The New York Times, 9 September 2008: "I just didn’t think it was anybody’s business... All I wanted was to be straight so my parents could be happy. They never, never, never knew."

Boyfriend: Eugene Glynn (psychoanalyst, cohabited 50 years, d. 2007)

==Author==

===Author===
* ''Kenny's Window'' (1956)
* ''Very Far Away'' (1957)
* ''The Sign on Rosie's Door'' (1960)
* ''The Nutshell Library'' (1962)
** ''Alligators All Around (An Alphabet)''
** ''Chicken Soup with Rice (A Book of Months)''
** ''One Was Johnny (A Counting Book)''
** ''Pierre (A Cautionary Tale)''
* ''[[Where the Wild Things Are]]'' (1963)
* ''Let's Be Enemies'' (written by Janice May Udry) (1965)
* ''[[Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life]]'' (1967) ISBN 0-06-028479-X
* ''[[In the Night Kitchen]]'' (1970)
* ''Ten Little Rabbits: A Counting Book with Mino the Magician'' (1970)
* ''Some Swell Pup or Are You Sure You Want a Dog?'' (written by Maurice Sendak & Matthew Margolis, and illustrated by Maurice Sendak) (1976)
* ''[[Seven Little Monsters]]'' (1977)
* ''Fantasy Sketches'' (1981)
* ''[[Outside Over There]]'' (1981)
* ''Caldecott and Co: Notes on Books and Pictures'' (an anthology of essays on children's literature) (1988)
* ''We Are All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy'' (1993)
* ''Maurice Sendak's Christmas Mystery'' (1995) (a box containing a book and a jigsaw puzzle)
* ''Mommy?'' (Sendak's first [[pop-up book]]) (2006) ISBN 0-439-88050-5
* ''Bumble-Ardy'' (2011) ISBN 0-06-205198-9, ISBN 978-0-06-205198-1

File:Msendak.jpg

2012-05-09T11:39:30Z

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