Humanist Manifesto II

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Humanist Manifesto II

In 1973, Humanist Manifesto II, which further outlined humanist aims “as we approach the twenty-first century,” was signed by several hundred individuals including Isaac Asimov, Sir Alfred Ayer, Paul Edwards, James Farmer, Antony Flew, Betty Friedan, Sidney Hook, Sir Julian Huxley, Jacques Monod, Herbert J. Muller, Gunnar Myrdal, A. Philip Randolph, Andrei Sakharov, B. F. Skinner, and Edwin H. Wilson.

As did Humanist Manifesto I, it contained recommendations for the future of humankind in the areas of religion and ethics. Both manifestos also delineated humanist views on the meaning of life, civil liberties and democracy, the right to suicide, abortion, and divorce, euthanasia, sexual freedom, worldwide ecological and economic planning, and the building of world community.

Signers of Humanist Manifesto II, as listed in Humanist Manifestos I and II (Prometheus), are as follows:

Lionel Abel, Prof. of English, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo
Khoren Arisian, Board of Leaders, NY Soc. for Ethical Culture
Isaac Asimov, author
George Axtelle, Prof. Emeritus, Southern Illinois Univ.
Archie J. Bahm, Prof. of Philosophy Emeritus, Univ. of N.M.
Paul H. Beattie, Pres., Fellowship of Religious Humanists
Keith Beggs, Exec. Dir., American Humanist Association
Malcolm Bissell, Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Southern California
H. J. Blackham, Chm., Social Morality Council, Great Britain
Brand Blanshard, Prof. Emeritus, Yale University
Paul Blanshard, author
Joseph L. Blau, Prof. of Religion, Columbia University
Sir Hermann Bondi, Prof. of Math., King's Coll., Univ. of London
Howard Box, Leader, Brooklyn Society for Ethical Culture
Raymond B. Bragg, Minister Emer., Unitarian Ch., Kansas City
Theodore Brameld, Visiting Prof., C.U.N.Y.
Brigid Brophy, author, Great Britain
Lester R. Brown, Senior Fellow, Overseas Development Council
Betty Chambers, Pres., American Humanist Association
John Ciardi, poet
Francis Crick, M.D., Great Britain
Arthur Danto, Prof. of Philosophy, Columbia University
Lucien de Coninck, Prof., University of Gand, Belgium
Miriam Allen deFord, author
Edd Doerr, Americans United for Separation of Church and State
Peter Draper, M.D., Guy's Hospital Medical School, London
Paul Edwards, Prof. of Philosophy, Brooklyn College
Albert Ellis, Exec. Dir., Inst. Adv. Study Rational Psychotherapy
Edward L. Ericson, Board of Leaders, NY Soc. of Ethical Culture
H. J. Eysenck, Prof. of Psychology, Univ. of London
Roy P. Fairfield, Coordinator, Union Graduate School
Herbert Feigl, Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Minnesota
Raymond Firth, Prof. Emeritus of Anthropology, Univ. of London
Antony Flew, Prof. of Philosophy, The Univ., Reading, England
Kenneth Furness, Exec. Secy., British Humanist Association
Erwin Gaede, Minister, Unitarian Church, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Richard S. Gilbert, Minister, First Unitarian Ch., Rochester, N.Y.
Charles Wesley Grady, Minister, Unit. Univ. Ch., Arlington, Ma.
Maxine Greene, Prof., Teachers College, Columbia University
Thomas C. Greening, Editor, Journal of Humanistic Psychology
Alan F. Guttmacher, Pres., Planned Parenthood Fed. of America
J. Harold Hadley, Min., Unit. Univ. Ch., Pt. Washington, N.Y.
Hector Hawton, Editor, Questions, Great Britain
A. Eustace Haydon, Prof. Emeritus of History of Religions
James Hemming, Psychologist, Great Britain
Palmer A. Hilty, Adm. Secy., Fellowship of Religious Humanists
Hudson Hoagland, Pres. Emeritus, Worcester Fdn. for Exper. Bio
Robert S. Hoagland, Editor, Religious Humanism
Sidney Hook, Prof. Emeritus of Philosophy, New York University
James F. Hornback, Leader, Ethical Society of St Louis
James M Hutchinson, Minister Emer., First Unit. Ch., Cincinnati
Mordecai M. Kaplan, Rabbi, Founder of Jewish Reconstructionist Movement
John C. Kidneigh, Prof. of Social Work., Univ. of Minnesota
Lester A. Kirdendall, Prof. Emeritus, Oregon State Univ.
Margaret Knight, Univ. of Aberdeen, Scotland
Jean Kotkin, Exec. Secy., American Ethical Union
Richard Kostelanetz, poet
Paul Kurtz, Editor, The Humanist
Lawrence Lader, Chm., Natl. Assn. for Repeal of Abortion Laws
Edward Lamb, Pres., Lamb Communications, Inc.
Corliss Lamont, Chm., Natl. Emergency Civil Liberties Comm.
Chauncey D. Leake, Prof., Univ. of California, San Francisco
Alfred McC. Lee, Prof. Emeritus, Soc.-Anthropology, C.U.N.Y.
Elizabeth Briant Lee, author
Christopher Macy, Dir., Rationalist Press Assn., Great Britain
Clorinda Margolis, Jefferson Comm. Mental Health Cen., Phila.
Joseph Margolis, Prof. of Philosophy, Temple Univ.
Harold P. Marley, Ret. Unitarian Minister
Floyd W. Matson, Prof. of American Studies, Univ. of Hawaii
Lester Mondale, former Pres., Fellowship of Religious Humanists
Lloyd Morain, Pres., Illinois Gas Company
Mary Morain, Editorial Bd., Intl. Soc. of General Semantics
Charles Morris, Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Florida
Henry Morgentaler, M.D., Past Pres., Humanist Assn. of Canada
Mary Mothersill, Prof. of Philosophy, Bernard College
Jerome Nathanson, Chm. Bd. of Leaders, NY Soc. Ethical Culture
Billy Joe Nichols, Minister, Richardson Unitarian Church, Texas
Kai Nielsen, Prof. of Philosophy, Univ. of Calgary, Canada
P. H. Nowell-Smith, Prof. of Philosophy, York Univ., Canada
Chaim Perelman, Prof. of Philosophy, Univ. of Brussels, Belgium
James W. Prescott, Natl, Inst. of Child Health and Human Dev.
Harold J. Quigley, Leader, Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago
Howard Radest, Prof. of Philosophy, Ramapo College
John Herman Randall, Jr., Prof. Emeritus, Columbia Univ.
Oliver L. Reiser, Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Pittsburgh
Robert G. Risk, Pres., Leadville Corp.
Lord Ritchie-Calder, formerly Univ. of Edinburgh, Scotland
B. T. Rocca, Jr., Consultant, Intl. Trade and Commodities
Andre H. Sakharov, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Sidney H. Scheuer, Chm., Natl, Comm. for an Effective Congress
Herbert W. Schneider, Prof. Emeritus, Claremont Grad. School
Clinton Lee Scott, Universalist Minister, St Petersburgh, Fla.
Roy Wood Sellars, Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Michigan
A. B. Shah, Pres., Indian Secular Society
B. F. Skinner, Prof. of Psychology, Harvard Univ.
Kenneth J. Smith, Leader, Philadelphia Ethical Society
Matthew Ies Spetter, Chm., Dept. Ethics, Ethical Culture Schools
Mark Starr, Chm., Esperanto Info. Center
Svetozar Stojanovic, Prof. Philosophy, Univ. Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Harold Taylor, Project Director, World University Student Project
V. T. Thayer, author
Herbert A. Tonne, Ed. Board, Journal of Business Education
Jack Tourin, Pres., American Ethical Union
E. C. Vanderlaan, lecturer
J. P. van Praag, Chm., Intl. Humanist and Ethical Union, Utrecht
Maurice B. Visscher, M.D., Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Minnesota
Goodwin Watson, Assn. Coordinator, Union Graduate School
Gerald Wendt, author
Henry N. Wieman, Prof. Emeritus, Univ. of Chicago
Sherwin Wine, Rabbi, Soc. for Humanistic Judaism
Edwin H. Wilson, Ex. Dir. Emeritus, American Humanist Assn.
Bertram D. Wolfe, Hoover Institution
Alexander S. Yesenin-Volpin, mathematician
Marvin Zimmerman, Prof. of Philosophy, State Univ. NY at Bflo.

Additional Signers


Gina Allen, author
John C. Anderson, Humanist Counselor
Peter O. Anderson, Assistant Professor, Ohio State University
William F. Anderson, Humanist Counselor
John Anton, Professor, Emory University
Sir Alfred Ayer, Professor, Oxford, Great Britain
Celia Baker
Ernest Baker, Associate Professor, University of the Pacific
Marjorie S. Baker, Ph.D.,Pres., Humanist Community of San Francisco
Henry S. Basayne, Assoc. Exec. Off., Assn. for Humanistic Psych.
Walter Behrendt, Vice Pres., European Parliament, W. Germany
Robert O. Boothe, Prof. Emer., Cal. Polytechnic
W. Bonness, Pres. Bund Freirelgioser Gemeinden, Germany
Clement A. Bosch
Madeline L. Bosch
Bruni Boyd, Vice Pres., American Ethical Union
J. Lloyd Brereton, ed., Humanist in Canada
Nancy Brewer, Humanist Counselor
D. Bronder, Bund Freirelgioser Gemeinden, West Germany
Charles Brownfield, Asst. Prof., Queensborough Community College, CUNY
Costantia Brownfield, R. N.
Margaret Brown, Assoc. Prof., Oneonta State Univ. College
Beulah L. Bullard, Humanist Counselor
Joseph Chuman, Leader, Ethical Soc. of Essex Co.
Gordon Clanton, Asst. Prof., Trenton State College
Daniel S. Collins, Leader, Unitarian Fellowship of Jonesboro, Ark.
Wm Creque, Pres., Fellowship of Humanity, Oakland, Ca.
M. Benjamin Dell, Dir., Amer. Humanist Assn.
James Durant IV, Prof., Polk Comm. College Winter Haven, Fla.
Gerald A. Ehrenreich, Assoc. Prof., Univ. of Kansas School of Medicine
Marie Erdmann, Teacher, Campbell Elementary School
Robert L. Erdmann, Ph.D., IBM
Hans S. Falck, Disting. Professor, Menninger Foundation
James Farmer, Director, Public Policy Training Institute
Ed Farrar
Joe Felmet, Humanist Counselor
Thomas Ferrick, Leader, Ethical Society of Boston
Norman Fleishman, Exec. Vice Pres., Planned Parenthood World Population, Los Angeles
Joseph Fletcher, Visiting Prof., Sch. of Medicine, Univ. of Virginia
Douglas Frazier, Leader, American Ethical Union
Betty Friedan, Founder, N.O.W.
Harry M. Geduld, Professor, Indiana University
Roland Gibson, President, Art Foundation of Potsdam. N.Y.
Aron S. Gilmartin, Minister, Mt. Diablo Unitarian Church, Walnut Creek, Ca.
Anabelle Glasser, Director, American Ethical Union
Rebecca Goldblum, Director, American Ethical Union
Louis R. Gomberg, Humanist Counselor
Harold N. Gordon, Vice President, American Ethical Union
Sol Gordon, Professor, Syracuse University
Theresa Gould, American Ethical Union
Gregory O. Grant, Captain, USAF
Ronald Green, Asst. Professor, New York University
LeRue Grim, Secretary, American Humanist Association
S. Spencer Grin, Publisher, Saturday Review/World
Josephine R. Gurbarg, Secy., Humanist Society of Greater Philadelphia
Samuel J. Garbarg
Lewis M. Gubrud, Executive Director, Mediators Fellowship, Providence, R.I.
Frank A. Hall, Minister, Murray Univ. Church, Attleboro, Mass.
Harold Hansen, President, Space Coast Chapter, AHA
Abul Hasanat, Secretary, Bangladesh Humanist Society
Ethelbert Haskins, Director, American Humanist Association
Lester H. Hayes, Public Relations Director, American Income Life Insurance Company
Donald E. Henshaw, Humanist Counselor
Alex Hershaft, Principal Scientist, Booz Allen Applied Research
Ronald E. Hestand, author and columnist
Irving Louis Horowitz, editor, Society
Warren S. Hoskins, Humanist Counselor
Mark W. Huber, Director, American Ethical Union
Harold J. Hutchinson, Humanist Counselor
Sir Julian Huxley, former head, UNESCO, Great Britain
Arthur M. Jackson, Exec. Dir., Humanist Community of San Jose;
Treasurer, American Humanist Association
Linda R. Jackson, Director, American Humanist Association
Steven Jacobs, former President, American Ethical Union
Thomas B. Johnson, Jr., consulting psychologist
Robert Edward Jones, Exec. Dir., Joint Washington Office for Social Concern
Marion Kahn, Pres., Humanist Society of Metropolitan New York
Alec E. Kelley, Professor, University of Arizona
Marvin Kohl, Professor, SUNY at Fredonia
Frederick C. Kramer, Humanist Counselor
Eugene Kreves, Minister, DuPage Unit. Church, Naperville, Ill.
Pierre Lamarque, France
Helen B. Lamb, economist
Jerome D. Lang, Pres., Humanist Assoc. of Greater Miami, Fla.
Harvey Lebrun, Chairman, Chapter Assembly, AHA
Helen Leibson, President, Philadelphia Ethical Society
John F. MacEnulty, Jr., Pres., Humanist Soc. of Jacksonville, Fla.
James T. McCollum, Humanist Counselor
Vashti McCollum, former President of AHA
Russell L. McKnight, Pres., Humanist Association of Los Angeles
Ludlow P. Mahan, Jr., Pres., Humanist Chapter of Rhode Island
Andrew Malleson, M.D., psychiatrist
Clem Martin, M.D.
James R. Martin, Humanist Counselor
Stanley E. Mayabb, Co-Fndr.; Humanist Group of Vacaville and Men's Colony,
San Louis Obispo
Zhores Medvedev, scientist, U.S.S.R.
Abeldardo Mena, M.D., senior psychiatrist, V.A. Hospital, Miami, Fla.
Jacques Monod, Institut Pasteur, France
Herbert J. Muller, Professor, University of Indiana
Robert J. Myler, Title Officer, Title Insurance & Trust Company
Gunnar Myrdal, Professor, University of Stockholm, Sweden
H. Kyle Nagel, Minister, Unit. Univ. Church of Kinston, N.C.
Dorothy N. Naiman, Professor Emerita, Lehman College, CUNY
Muriel Neufeld, Executive Committee, American Ethical Union
Walter B. Neumann, Treasurer, American Ethical Union
G. D. Parikh, Indian Radical Humanist Association, India
Eleanor Wright Pelrine, author, Canada
Bernard Porter, President, Toronto Humanist Association
William Earl Proctor, Jr., President, Philadelphia area, AHA
Gonzalo Quiogue, Vice Pres., Humanist Assn. of the Philippines
James A. Rafferty, Lecturer, USIU School of Human Behavior
Anthony F. Rand, President, Humanist Society of Greater Detroit
Philip Randolph, President, A. Philip Randolph Institute
Ruth Dickinson Reams, President, Humanist Association National Capital Area
Jean-Francois Revel, journalist, France
Bernard L. Riback, Humanist Counselor
B. T. Rocca, Sr., President, United Secularists of America
M. L. Rosenthal, Professor, New York University
Jack C. Rubenstein, Executive Committee, AEU
Joseph R. Sanders, Professor, University of West Florida
William Schulz, Ph.D. cand., Meadville/Lombard, Univ. of Chicago
Walter G. Schwartz, Dir., Humanist Com. of San Francisco
John W. Sears, clinical psychologist
Naomi Shaw, Pres., National Women's Conference, AEU
R. L. Shuford, III, Instructor, Charlotte County Day School
Sidney Siller, Chm. Comm. for Fair Divorce and Alimony Laws
Joell Silverman, Chm., Religious Education Committee, AEU
Warren A. Smith, Pres., Variety Sound Corp, New York City
A. Solomon, coordinator, Indian Secular Society
Robert M. Stein, Co-Chairman, Public Affairs Committee, AEU
Stuart Stein, Director, American Ethical Union
Robert Stone
Arnold E Sylvester
Emerson Symonds, Director, Sensory Awareness Center
Carolyn Symonds, marriage counselor
Ward Tabler, Visiting Professor, Starr King School
Barbara M. Tabler
V. M. Tarkunde, Pres., All Indian Radical Humanist Assn., India
Irwin Theobold, Instructor, Pasadena City College
Ernest N. Ukpaby, Dean, University of Nigeria
Renate Vambery, Ethical Soc. of St. Louis, President, AHA St Louis Chapter
Nick D. Vasileff, St. Louis Ethical Society
Robert J. Wellman, Humanist Chaplain, C. W. Post Center, Long Island University
May H. Weis, UN Representative for IHEU
Paul D. Weston, Leader, Ethical Culture Society of Bergen County
Georgia H. Wilson, retired, Political Sc. Dept., Brooklyn College
H. Van Rensselaer Wilson, Prof., Emer., Brooklyn College
James E. Woodrow, Exec. Dir., Asgard Enterprises, Inc.


(See entries for Humanist Manifesto I and for Humanist Manifesto III.)

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